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Locating Information & Writing with Sources
The Research Process
Research Paper Steps
Research Paper Timeline - 8 Weeks
Research Paper Timeline - 10 Weeks
Types of Research Papers
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Assignment Analysis
Purpose
Audience
Voice
Changing Audiences
Rhetorical Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Narrowing & Developing
Narrowing Process
Research Questions
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Research Strategies
Database Searching
Internet Searching
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Thesis or Focus
Stating Your Thesis
Implying Your Thesis
Thesis Statement Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Evaluating Sources
Suitability
Authorship & Authority
Documentation
Timeliness
Evaluating Online Sources
Evaluation Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Note-Taking
Labeling Notes
Documenting Notes
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Outlining
Traditional Outline
IMRAD Outline
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Drafting & Integrating
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing Activity
Quoting
Signal Phrases
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising & Editing
Revision Checklist
Editing Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Documenting
Locating Reference Information
Avoiding Plagiarism
APA Style
APA In-Text Citations
APA References
APA Style Demo
APA Checklist
APA Activity
APA Side by Side
MLA Style
MLA In-Text Citations
MLA Works Cited
MLA Style Demo
MLA Checklist
MLA Activity
Chicago Style
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Annotated Bibliographies
Tips on Writing an Annotated Bibliography
Literature Reviews
Putting It All Together
Writing Process
Writing Process Overview
Thinking About Your Assignment
Developing Ideas
Narrowing a Topic
Gathering Information
Ordering & Drafting
Revising & Editing
Writing Process Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Prewriting Strategies
Observations & Thoughts
Freewriting
Brainstorming
Mapping
Listing
Other Techniques
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Audience Awareness
Writing for Your Audience
Analyzing Your Audience
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Voice
Different Voices
The Academic Voice
Tips on Academic Voice
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Introductions & Conclusions
Introductions
Introduction Purpose
Introduction Strategies
Conclusions
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Parts of a Thesis Sentence
Thesis Angles
Common Problems
Thesis Creation
Thesis Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Paragraphing
Topic Sentences
Paragraphing & Transitioning
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Essay Writing
Traditional Structure
Traditional Structure Activity
Rough Drafting
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising & Editing
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Revision & Editing Tips
Engaging in Peer Review
Visiting Your Writing Center
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Writing Process in Review
Argument & Critical Thinking
Argument in College Writing
Argument & Audience
Audience Analysis
Argument and Audience Activity
Offending an Audience
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Finding Topics
Finding Arguments
Using Prewriting
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Modes of Persuasion
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Modes of Persuasion Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Argumentative Thesis
Argumentative Thesis in Review
Argumentative Thesis Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Organizing Your Argument
Types of Argument
Toulmin
Toulmin Infographic
Sample Toulmin Argument
Aristotelian
Aristotelian Infographic
Sample Aristotelian Argument
Rogerian
Rogerian Infographic
Sample Rogerian Argument
Types of Argument Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Argumentative Purposes
Proposal
Sample Proposal Argument
Definition
Sample Definition Argument
Causal
Sample Causal Argument
Narrative
Sample Narrative Argument
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Using Evidence
Experience
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Source Integration
Annotating Sources
Using Evidence Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Logical Fallacies
Straw Man
False Dilemma
Hasty Generalization
Appeal to Fear
Ad Hominem
Slippery Slope
Bandwagon
Guilt by Association
Putting It All Together: Fallacies
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising Your Argument
Revision Strategies
Thinking Critically
Editing Strategies
Argument Analysis
Thinking About Content
Thinking Rhetorically
Sample Rhetorical Analysis
Argument & Digital Writing
Argumentative Presentations
Argument & the Web
Argument in Photo Essays
Argument in Video Essays
Argumentative Portfolio Letters
Putting It All Together
Grammar Essentials
Grammar Essentials Introduction
Punctuation
Apostrophe
Possessives
Plural Possessives
Contractions
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Apostrophes
Brackets
Try It Out: Brackets
Colon
Try It Out: Colons
Comma
With Coordinating Conjunctions
In a Series
With Introductory Phrases
Essential & Nonessential Information
With Adjectives
Shifts at the End
With Quotes
Places & Dates
Comma Abuse
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Commas I
Try It Out: Commas II
Dash
Ellipsis
Exclamation Mark
Hyphen
Try It Out: Hyphens
Parentheses
Period
Question Mark
Quotation Marks
Dialog
Quoting Sources
Single Quotes
Try It Out: Quotation Marks
Semicolon
Joining Clauses
In Lists
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Semicolons
Try It Out: Punctuation
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
Parts of Speech
Nouns
Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
Collective Nouns
Verbal Nouns
Compound Nouns
Try It Out: Nouns
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Definite & Indefinite
Singular & Plural
Possessive Pronouns
Relative & Demonstrative Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Subjective & Objective Pronouns
Pronoun Agreement & Reference
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Pronouns
Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Linking Verbs
Action Verbs
Tenses
Subject-Verb Agreement
Active Versus Passive
Purposeful Passive Voice
Try It Out: Verbs
Adjectives
Order of Adjectives
Types of Adjectives
Adverbs
Order of Adverbs
Prepositions
Common Prepositions
Preposition Tips
Articles
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Try It Out: Conjunctions
Interjections
Try It Out: Parts of Speech
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
20 Most Common Errors
Wrong Word
Comma After Introductory Element
Documentation
Pronoun Reference
Spelling
Quotation Error
Unnecessary Comma
Capitalization
Missing Word
Faulty Sentence Structure
Missing Comma with Nonrestrictive Element
Verb Tense Shift
Missing Comma in Compound Sentence
Apostrophes
Run-On Sentence
Comma Splice
Pronoun Agreement
Poorly Integrated Quote
Hyphens
Sentence Fragment
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: 20 Most Common Errors
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
Essay Zone
Styles of Development
Argumentative
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
Modes of Persuasion
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Classification & Division
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Cause & Effect
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Compare & Contrast
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Definition
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Descriptive
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Illustration
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Narration
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Process
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Putting It All Together
See It Across the Disciplines
What's My Assignment?
Digital Writing
Discussion Boards
Discussion Board Content
Discussion Board Style & Structure
Discussion Boards in Review
Emails
Online Journal Writing
Blogs
Blog Writing Process
Sample Blog Entries
Blog Considerations
Presentations
PowerPoints
Sample PowerPoints
Prezis
Sample Prezis
Presentations Activity
Social Media
Twitter
Tweet Tips
Facebook
LinkedIn
Multi-Modal Writing
Web Pages
Photo Essays
Video Essays
E-Portfolios
Your Digital Footprint
Putting It All Together
Avoiding Plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism Overview
Plagiarism Pre-Test
Video - Student Committed Plagiarism
What Is Plagiarism?
Types of Plagiarism
Open Access
Plagiarism Is Serious!
Consequences of Plagiarism
If You Plagiarize...
But in My Country...
What About American Students?
Why Do Students Plagiarize?
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism Video
How to Cite Sources
Methods of Citations
Style of Citations
Try It Out: Quoting
Common Knowledge
Paraphrasing
Try It Out: Paraphrasing Activity 1
Try It Out: Paraphrasing Activity 2
Summarizing
Note-Taking
Plagiarism in Review
Do You Need a Citation?
Additional Resources About Plagiarism
ESL-WOW
Getting Ready to Write
Generating Ideas
Developing a Thesis
Mapping Your Ideas
Developing Your Ideas
Read & Take Notes
Using Others' Ideas
Compose
Ideas for Resources
Revising Your Work
Importance of Revision
Read Your Paper Out Loud
Glossing
Using a Checklist
Editing & Polishing
Automated Writing Evaluation
Spelling & Grammar
Punctuation
Personal Editing Guide
Format
Additional Resources
Welcome Video
Online Writing Resources
Writing FAQs
Tips from an Online Writing Instructor
OWL Blog
Instructor User Guide
Educator Resources
Educator Resources Handbook
Additional Resources
Online Writing Resources
Tips from an Online Writing Instructor
Educator Resources Guide
OWL Blog
Biographies
Contact Us
System Requirements
Meet the OWL Team
Quizzes
Login
Locating Information & Writing with Sources
The Research Process
Research Paper Steps
Research Paper Timeline - 8 Weeks
Research Paper Timeline - 10 Weeks
Types of Research Papers
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Assignment Analysis
Purpose
Audience
Voice
Changing Audiences
Rhetorical Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Narrowing & Developing
Narrowing Process
Research Questions
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Research Strategies
Database Searching
Internet Searching
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Thesis or Focus
Stating Your Thesis
Implying Your Thesis
Thesis Statement Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Evaluating Sources
Suitability
Authorship & Authority
Documentation
Timeliness
Evaluating Online Sources
Evaluation Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Note-Taking
Labeling Notes
Documenting Notes
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Outlining
Traditional Outline
IMRAD Outline
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Drafting & Integrating
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing Activity
Quoting
Signal Phrases
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising & Editing
Revision Checklist
Editing Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Documenting
Locating Reference Information
Avoiding Plagiarism
APA Style
APA In-Text Citations
APA References
APA Style Demo
APA Checklist
APA Activity
APA Side by Side
MLA Style
MLA In-Text Citations
MLA Works Cited
MLA Style Demo
MLA Checklist
MLA Activity
Chicago Style
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Annotated Bibliographies
Tips on Writing an Annotated Bibliography
Literature Reviews
Putting It All Together
Writing Process
Writing Process Overview
Thinking About Your Assignment
Developing Ideas
Narrowing a Topic
Gathering Information
Ordering & Drafting
Revising & Editing
Writing Process Activity
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Prewriting Strategies
Observations & Thoughts
Freewriting
Brainstorming
Mapping
Listing
Other Techniques
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Audience Awareness
Writing for Your Audience
Analyzing Your Audience
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Voice
Different Voices
The Academic Voice
Tips on Academic Voice
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Introductions & Conclusions
Introductions
Introduction Purpose
Introduction Strategies
Conclusions
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Parts of a Thesis Sentence
Thesis Angles
Common Problems
Thesis Creation
Thesis Checklist
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Paragraphing
Topic Sentences
Paragraphing & Transitioning
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Essay Writing
Traditional Structure
Traditional Structure Activity
Rough Drafting
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising & Editing
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Revision & Editing Tips
Engaging in Peer Review
Visiting Your Writing Center
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Writing Process in Review
Argument & Critical Thinking
Argument in College Writing
Argument & Audience
Audience Analysis
Argument and Audience Activity
Offending an Audience
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Finding Topics
Finding Arguments
Using Prewriting
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Modes of Persuasion
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Modes of Persuasion Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Argumentative Thesis
Argumentative Thesis in Review
Argumentative Thesis Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Organizing Your Argument
Types of Argument
Toulmin
Toulmin Infographic
Sample Toulmin Argument
Aristotelian
Aristotelian Infographic
Sample Aristotelian Argument
Rogerian
Rogerian Infographic
Sample Rogerian Argument
Types of Argument Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Argumentative Purposes
Proposal
Sample Proposal Argument
Definition
Sample Definition Argument
Causal
Sample Causal Argument
Narrative
Sample Narrative Argument
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Using Evidence
Experience
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Source Integration
Annotating Sources
Using Evidence Activity
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Logical Fallacies
Straw Man
False Dilemma
Hasty Generalization
Appeal to Fear
Ad Hominem
Slippery Slope
Bandwagon
Guilt by Association
Putting It All Together: Fallacies
Analyze This
See It in Practice
Your Turn Now
Revising Your Argument
Revision Strategies
Thinking Critically
Editing Strategies
Argument Analysis
Thinking About Content
Thinking Rhetorically
Sample Rhetorical Analysis
Argument & Digital Writing
Argumentative Presentations
Argument & the Web
Argument in Photo Essays
Argument in Video Essays
Argumentative Portfolio Letters
Putting It All Together
Grammar Essentials
Grammar Essentials Introduction
Punctuation
Apostrophe
Possessives
Plural Possessives
Contractions
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Apostrophes
Brackets
Try It Out: Brackets
Colon
Try It Out: Colons
Comma
With Coordinating Conjunctions
In a Series
With Introductory Phrases
Essential & Nonessential Information
With Adjectives
Shifts at the End
With Quotes
Places & Dates
Comma Abuse
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Commas I
Try It Out: Commas II
Dash
Ellipsis
Exclamation Mark
Hyphen
Try It Out: Hyphens
Parentheses
Period
Question Mark
Quotation Marks
Dialog
Quoting Sources
Single Quotes
Try It Out: Quotation Marks
Semicolon
Joining Clauses
In Lists
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Semicolons
Try It Out: Punctuation
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
Parts of Speech
Nouns
Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
Collective Nouns
Verbal Nouns
Compound Nouns
Try It Out: Nouns
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Definite & Indefinite
Singular & Plural
Possessive Pronouns
Relative & Demonstrative Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Subjective & Objective Pronouns
Pronoun Agreement & Reference
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: Pronouns
Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Linking Verbs
Action Verbs
Tenses
Subject-Verb Agreement
Active Versus Passive
Purposeful Passive Voice
Try It Out: Verbs
Adjectives
Order of Adjectives
Types of Adjectives
Adverbs
Order of Adverbs
Prepositions
Common Prepositions
Preposition Tips
Articles
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Try It Out: Conjunctions
Interjections
Try It Out: Parts of Speech
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
20 Most Common Errors
Wrong Word
Comma After Introductory Element
Documentation
Pronoun Reference
Spelling
Quotation Error
Unnecessary Comma
Capitalization
Missing Word
Faulty Sentence Structure
Missing Comma with Nonrestrictive Element
Verb Tense Shift
Missing Comma in Compound Sentence
Apostrophes
Run-On Sentence
Comma Splice
Pronoun Agreement
Poorly Integrated Quote
Hyphens
Sentence Fragment
Tips from the Professor
Try It Out: 20 Most Common Errors
Putting It All Together
Your Turn Now
Essay Zone
Styles of Development
Argumentative
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
Modes of Persuasion
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Classification & Division
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Cause & Effect
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Compare & Contrast
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Definition
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Descriptive
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Illustration
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Narration
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Process
Essay Techniques
Think Before You Begin
What Does It Look Like?
See It in Practice
See It Across the Disciplines
Wrapping Up
Putting It All Together
See It Across the Disciplines
What's My Assignment?
Digital Writing
Discussion Boards
Discussion Board Content
Discussion Board Style & Structure
Discussion Boards in Review
Emails
Online Journal Writing
Blogs
Blog Writing Process
Sample Blog Entries
Blog Considerations
Presentations
PowerPoints
Sample PowerPoints
Prezis
Sample Prezis
Presentations Activity
Social Media
Twitter
Tweet Tips
Facebook
LinkedIn
Multi-Modal Writing
Web Pages
Photo Essays
Video Essays
E-Portfolios
Your Digital Footprint
Putting It All Together
Avoiding Plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism Overview
Plagiarism Pre-Test
Video - Student Committed Plagiarism
What Is Plagiarism?
Types of Plagiarism
Open Access
Plagiarism Is Serious!
Consequences of Plagiarism
If You Plagiarize...
But in My Country...
What About American Students?
Why Do Students Plagiarize?
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism Video
How to Cite Sources
Methods of Citations
Style of Citations
Try It Out: Quoting
Common Knowledge
Paraphrasing
Try It Out: Paraphrasing Activity 1
Try It Out: Paraphrasing Activity 2
Summarizing
Note-Taking
Plagiarism in Review
Do You Need a Citation?
Additional Resources About Plagiarism
ESL-WOW
Getting Ready to Write
Generating Ideas
Developing a Thesis
Mapping Your Ideas
Developing Your Ideas
Read & Take Notes
Using Others' Ideas
Compose
Ideas for Resources
Revising Your Work
Importance of Revision
Read Your Paper Out Loud
Glossing
Using a Checklist
Editing & Polishing
Automated Writing Evaluation
Spelling & Grammar
Punctuation
Personal Editing Guide
Format
Additional Resources
Welcome Video
Online Writing Resources
Writing FAQs
Tips from an Online Writing Instructor
OWL Blog
Instructor User Guide
Educator Resources
Educator Resources Handbook
Additional Resources
Online Writing Resources
Tips from an Online Writing Instructor
Educator Resources Guide
OWL Blog
Biographies
Contact Us
System Requirements
Meet the OWL Team
56
Select the error in APA formatting in the sample in-text citation for a secondary source below.
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